Coprevalência de hanseníase em contatos com idade entre 5 e 15 anos no nordeste brasileiro / Coprevalencia de hanseniasis en contactos con edad entre 5 y 15 años en el nordeste brasileño / Hanseniasis coprevalence in contacts with age between 5 and 15 years in the northeast of brazil

Objetivo avaliar a coprevalência da hanseníase em contatos com idade compreendida entre 5 e 15 anos. Método estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no período de novembro de 2014 a julho de 2015. A população do estudo foi composta por contatos intradomiciliares e peridomiciliares de pessoas atingidas pela hanseníase, que estivessem na faixa etária de 5 a 15 anos. A amostra estudada foi constituída de 73 contatos. Resultados do total de avaliados, 30 (41,0%) foram intradomiciliares e 43 (59,0%), peridomiciliares. Entre os contatos, 27 (37,0%) foram considerados sintomáticos dermatológicos; destes, 17 (23,3%) suspeitos para hanseníase por apresentarem de uma a oito lesões, sendo a maioria mancha hipocrômica (82,3%). Conclusão entre os contatos examinados neste estudo, com idades compreendidas entre 5 e 15 anos, a coprevalência da hanseníase não foi diagnosticada, mas o número de contatos classificados como suspeitos foi elevado, o que se torna preocupante do ponto de vista epidemiológico.

Objetivo evaluar la coprevalencia de la lepra en contactos con edad comprendida entre 5 y 15 años. Método estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, de noviembre de 2014 a julio de 2015. Población del estudio compuesta por contactos intradomiciliares y peridomiciliares de personas afectadas por la lepra, que estuvieran en el grupo de edad de 5 a 15 años. Muestra estudiada de 73 contactos. Resultados del total de evaluados, 30 (41,0%) fueron intradomiciliares y 43 (59,0%), peridomiciliares. Entre los contactos, 27 (37,0%) fueron considerados sintomáticos dermatológicos; de estos, 17 (23,3%) sospechosos de lepra por presentar de una a ocho lesiones, siendo la mayoría mancha hipocrómica (82,3%). Conclusión entre los contactos examinados en este estudio, con edades entre 5 y 15 años, la coprevalencia de la lepra no fue diagnosticada, pero el número de contactos clasificados como sospechosos fue elevado, lo que se vuelve preocupante desde el punto de vista epidemiológico.

Objective to evaluate the co-prevalence of leprosy in contacts between the ages of 5 and 15 years. Method this is a descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, carried out from November 2014 to July 2015. The study population was composed of intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary contacts of people affected by leprosy who were in the age range of 5 to 15 years. The sample consisted of 73 contacts. Results of the total of evaluated, 30 (41.0%) were intradomiciliary and 43 (59.0%), peridomiciliary. Among the contacts, 27 (37.0%) were considered dermatological symptomatic; Of these, 17 (23.3%) suspected leprosy patients had one to eight lesions, most of them hypochromic spots (82,3%). Conclusion among the contacts examined in this study, aged between 5 and 15 years, the co-prevalence of leprosy was not diagnosed, but the number of contacts classified as suspects was high, which is worrisome from the epidemiological point of view.

A descriptive study to characterize segmental vitiligo.

BACKGROUND: Segmental vitiligo is a small but unique subset of vitiligo requiring due importance due to its lack of response to medical treatment but excellent response to surgical treatment. Characterization of the pattern of segmental vitiligo will also help to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. AIM: To characterize clinically the features of segmental vitiligo, a cross-sectional clinical study at dermatology outpatient department at AIIMS was carried out. METHODS: Consecutive 188 patients were evaluated to characterize the clinical features of segmental vitiligo by detailed history, clinical examination, and photography. Frequency of each clinical feature was calculated. RESULTS: Certain features such as early onset, initial progression of disease followed by stability, blaschkoid pattern, irregular margins, leucotrichia within and beyond the vitiligo lesion, and islands of pigmented macules within the vitiligo lesion were found to be characteristic of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of various features such as early onset of disease, blaschkoid pattern, irregular margins, leucotrichia, and islands of pigmented macules within the vitiligo lesion are helpful in diagnosis of the disease.

Clinical diagnosis of leprosy cases.

The principle of leprosy control is based on secondary prevention with early detection of all cases and treatment with multidrug therapy. Eradication of leprosy warrants detection of all cases. Hence diagnosis of leprosy is of paramount importance to eradicate the cases. History taking gives all important information about the patient. Presenting complaint and contacts in family give useful guidelines to clinicians to arrive at the diagnosis. The objective of clinical examination is to elicit cardinal signs of leprosy through a systemic examination. Sensory testing, examination of nerves and examination of hands, feet and eyes are helpful in establishing diagnosis. Laboratory examination is not essential. Slit-skin smear examination for acid-fast bacilli shows positive results in a few cases. Diagnosis is complete once the clinical signs are established through clinical examination.

[Epidemiological immunological studies on leprosy in Okinawa. 6. Lepromin, lymphocyte transformation, FLA-ABS and leproagglutination tests in the in-and out-patients with leprosy and the relationships among these tests and personal or family history or clinical findings of the patients].

In- and out-patients with leprosy in Okinawa were surveyed by using the following immunological tests: cutaneous reaction to Mitsuda's lepromin (40 million bacilli/ml) (LPR), lymphocyte transformation test with Dharmendara's antigen (DL-LTT), that with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LTT), fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption test (FLA-ABS) and Leproagglutination test with cardiolipin-lecithin antigen (LAT). A correlation between two tests and a relationship between the test and personal or family history or clinical finding of the patients were evaluated by non-parametric statistics. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was significant between LPR and DL-LTT, while a reverse correlation was found between LPR and FLA-ABS, DL-LTT and FLA-ABS, and DL-LTT and LAT, respectively. High reactivity in PHA-LTT was found in almost all of patients, irrespective of type and stage of leprosy, suggesting general immune responsiveness of leprosy patients in Okinawa. The other tests showed a significant difference in the mean rank of reaction values according to clinical findings such as type and stage of leprosy, property of skin lesion, loss of eyebrow, and bacteriological test. The use of LPR and DL-LTT for the study of cell-mediated immunity in leprosy was therefore confirmed. FLA-ABS was found useful for early serodiagnosis, while LAT for the study of autoimmunity in leprosy. None of these immunological tests showed significant difference among the subgroups of patients classified by the following items: presence or absence of consanguineous patient with leprosy, living place, place of onset, presence or absence of neural symptoms such as the enlargement of peripheral nerve, claw hand and facial palsy, ocular and nasal involvement, ENL in lepromatous and borderline leprosy and conditions in the treatment. On the other hand, LPR showed higher reactivity in female than in male, in the patients at home than those discharged, and in the patients with drop foot than those without. Higher reactivity of DL-LTT was also found in male than in female and in the patients with plantar ulcer than those without. FLA-ABS reactivity was significantly higher in the discharged patients than the inpatients, in the period of 5 to 9 years after onset than that of 20 or more years, but the reactivity was lower in the patients with drop foot than those without. LAT reactivity was significantly higher in the 30-39 years old patients than 0-19 years old, and in the patients with physical work than those with mental.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)